A better understanding of cardiovascular training programs may help address gaps in education and improve diversity in the field, according to two review papers published June 3 in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. In one paper, Julie B. Damp, MD, FACC, chair of ACC's Cardiovascular Training Member Section, et al., looked at survey data to assess the landscape of training programs, and found that program sizes vary significantly, creating opportunities for programs to innovate and collaborate to better utilize resources regionally and nationally. Another paper by Gaby Weissman, MD, FACC, et al., looked at survey data to examine how cardiology fellowship program directors perceive and apply COCATS4, noting that it is important to discuss challenges that programs might face in implementation. Both Damp and Weissman conclude that the ACC and other national bodies should lead in the evaluation of the workforce, as well as help address gaps and resource limitations faced by program directors. Read more.