Principal Findings:

There were 3 composite endpoints (CEs): Composite Endpoint 1: Cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction Composite endpoint 2: CE1 + major secondary end points (unstable angina, stroke, heart failure, pulmonary or peripheral embolism) Composited endpoint 3: CE2 + minor events requiring hospital admission (recurrent stable angina, postangioplasty restenosis, surgical or medical myocardial revascularization, and thrombophlebitis) In the Mediterranean diet group, composite endpoin 1 (death/MI) was reduced (14 events versus 44 in the prudent Western-type diet group, P=0.0001), as was CE2 (27 events versus 90, P=0.0001) and CE3 (95 events versus 180, P=0.0002). Adjusted risk ratios ranged from 0.28 to 0.53. Among the traditional risk factors, total cholesterol (1 mmol/L being associated with an increased risk of 18% to 28%), systolic blood pressure (1 mm Hg being associated with an increased risk of 1% to 2%), leukocyte count (adjusted risk ratios ranging from 1.64 to 2.86 with count >9x109/L), female sex (adjusted risk ratios, 0.27 to 0.46), and aspirin use (adjusted risk ratios, 0.59 to 0.82) were each significantly and independently associated with recurrence.