Anti-Thrombotic Strategy to Lower All Cardiovascular and Neurologic Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Events after Trans-Aortic Valve Implantation for Aortic Stenosis - ATLANTIS

Sep 27, 2022
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Author/Summarized by Author:
Dharam J. Kumbhani, MD, SM, FACC
Summary Reviewer:
Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH, MBA, FACC
Trial Sponsor:
ACTION funds and Alliance BMS/Pfizer
Date Presented:
05/18/2022
Date Published:
09/19/2022
Date Updated:
09/27/2022
Original Posted Date:
05/15/2021
References

Contribution To Literature:

Highlighted text has been updated as of September 27, 2022.

The ATLANTIS trial showed that full-dose apixaban is not superior to standard of care (VKA if indication for OAC; APT if no indication) among patients undergoing TAVR despite a reduction in valve leaflet thrombosis (compared with APT).

Description:

The goal of the trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of apixaban 5 mg BID compared with standard of care (antiplatelet therapy [APT] or oral anticoagulant [OAC]) among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Study Design

Eligible patients were stratified based on indication of OAC, and randomized in a 1:1 fashion to either apixaban 5 mg BID vs. vitamin K antagonist (VKA) (21%) [stratum 1 = among patients with an indication for OAC, n = 451], or apixaban 5 mg BID vs. single APT (15%)/dual APT (57%) [stratum 2 = among patients without an indication for OAC, n = 1,049].

  • Total number of patients: 1,500
  • Duration of follow-up: 1 year
  • Mean patient age: 82 years
  • Percentage female: 53%

Inclusion criteria:

  • Age ≥18 years
  • Successful native or valve-in-valve TAVR
  • Approved/marketed TAVR device

Exclusion criteria:

  • Creatinine clearance <15 ml/min or dialysis
  • Mechanical valves
  • Severe mitral valve stenosis requiring an intervention
  • Unsuccessful TAVR requiring re-intervention
  • Ongoing major bleeding or vascular complication
  • Prior history of intracranial hemorrhage
  • Recent stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) on anticoagulant therapy (<6 weeks)
  • Planned major surgery during follow-up
  • Expected survival <1 year
  • Concomitant use of prasugrel or ticagrelor
  • Coronary stent implantation <2 weeks prior to randomization
  • Concomitant treatments that are potent inhibitors of CYP3A4
  • Any coagulopathy and significant risk of bleeding

Other salient features/characteristics:

  • Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) score: 5.1%
  • Prior stroke: 11%
  • CHA2DS2-VASc score: 4.3
  • Self-expanding valve: 53%; balloon-expandable valve: 47%; valve-in-valve: 5%

Principal Findings:

The primary outcome, time to death, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), systemic emboli, intracardiac or valve thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, or major bleeding, for apixaban vs. standard of care: 18.4 vs. 20.1% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-1.16; p = 0.43).

  • Stratum 1 (indication for OAC): 22.0% vs. 21.9%
  • Stratum 2 (no indication for OAC): 16.9% vs. 19.3%
  • p for interaction = 0.57
  • Without including valve thrombosis in composite endpoint: 17.8% vs. 16.1% (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.88-1.44)

Primary safety endpoint: life-threatening (including fatal) or disabling or major bleeding (BARC 4, 3a, 3b, and 3c) for apixaban vs. standard of care: 8.5% vs. 8.5% (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.72-1.44)

  • Stratum 1: 10.3% vs. 11.4%
  • Stratum 2: 7.8% vs. 7.3%

Bioprosthetic thrombosis: 1.1% vs. 4.7% (p < 0.05)

  • Stratum 1: 0.9% vs. 1.3% (p > 0.05)
  • Stratum 2: 1.1% vs. 6.1% (p < 0.05)

4D-CT subset (n = 762):

The primary outcome, ≥1 prosthetic leaflet with reduced leaflet motion (RLM) grade 3/4 or hypoattenuated leaflet thrombosis (HALT) grade 3/4 at 90 days, for apixaban vs. standard of care, was 8.9% vs. 13.0% (p for interaction = 0.038).

  • Stratum 1: 9.5% vs. 5.5% (p = 0.28)
  • Stratum 2: 8.7% vs. 15.9% (p = 0.011)

Secondary outcomes for apixaban vs. standard of care:

  • Death/MI/stroke: 10.5% vs. 8.3% (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.95-1.85)
  • All-cause mortality: 7.2% vs. 5.5% (p > 0.05)
  • Stratum 1: 10.3% vs. 10.1%
  • Stratum 2: 5.9% vs. 3.4% (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.04-3.34; p < 0.05)
  • Noncardiovascular mortality for apixaban vs. APT (stratum 2): 2.7% vs. 1.0% (p < 0.05)
  • Venous thromboembolism event: 0.1% vs. 1.5% (p < 0.05)
  • Major bleeding: 6.7% vs. 6.4%

4D-CT subset:

  • Patients with presence of thrombus at 90 days: 19.2% vs. 25% (p = 0.011)
  • Stratum 1: 25.3% vs. 14.7%
  • Stratum 2: 17.1% vs. 29.0%
  • Death, MI, stroke, peripheral embolism: 8.6% vs. 6.4% (p > 0.05)

Interpretation:

The results of this trial indicate that apixaban is not superior to standard of care (VKA if an indication for OAC; APT if no indication) among routine patients undergoing TAVR. Valve leaflet thrombosis was lower with apixaban compared with APT, but this did not translate into an improvement in clinical outcomes. In fact, among patients without an indication for OAC, apixaban use resulted in higher noncardiovascular mortality compared with APT use. Results are similar to the GALILEO trial with low-dose rivaroxaban. Thrombosis rates were similar between apixaban and VKA. These data suggest that apixaban may be a reasonable alternative to VKA post-TAVR if an indication for OAC use exists.

References:

Montalescot G, Redheuil A, Vincent F, et al., on behalf of the ATLANTIS Investigators of the ACTION Group. Apixaban and Valve Thrombosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The ATLANTIS-4D-CT Randomized Clinical Trial Substudy. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022;15:1794-804.

Editorial Comment: Dangas G, Nicolas J. Anticoagulation and Subclinical Valve Thrombosis After TAVR. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2022;15:1805-7.

Collet JP, Van Belle E, Thiele H, et al., on behalf of the ATLANTIS Investigators of the ACTION Group. Apixaban vs. standard of care after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the ATLANTIS trial. Eur Heart J 2022;43:2783-97.

Editorial: Andreotti F, Massetti M, Ten Berg J. Defining optimal antithrombotic therapy post-TAVI: the contribution of ATLANTIS. Eur Heart J 2022;43:2798-800.

Presented by Dr. Jean-Philippe Collet at the American College of Cardiology Virtual Annual Scientific Session (ACC 2021), May 15, 2021.

Presented by Dr. Gilles Montalescot at the American College of Cardiology Virtual Annual Scientific Session (ACC 2021), May 15, 2021.

Clinical Topics: Anticoagulation Management, Cardiac Surgery, Geriatric Cardiology, Invasive Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Valvular Heart Disease, Aortic Surgery, Cardiac Surgery and VHD, Interventions and Structural Heart Disease, Interventions and Vascular Medicine

Keywords: ACC21, ACC Annual Scientific Session, Anticoagulants, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Geriatrics, Heart Valve Diseases, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Hemorrhage, Myocardial Infarction, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Pulmonary Embolism, Standard of Care, Stroke, Thrombosis, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Venous Thrombosis, Vitamin K


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